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Adult ADHD and Comorbid Disorders Many adults with ADHD suffer from comorbid disorders, such as major depression (Kessler and colleagues, 2006). Many patients who are depressed aren't able to take medications and may be able to benefit from therapy. Medications that most effectively improve the most fundamental symptoms of ADHD appear to increase and balance levels of specific neurotransmitters, which are brain chemicals. The most frequently prescribed stimulants include amphetamine, methylphenidate and similar drugs. Medicines Adults can take a variety of medications that are used for ADHD in children. The dosages and effects differ. The doctor will take a look at the medical history, the family health history, and other health conditions of the patient to determine which medicine is best. The most popular kind of ADHD medication is a stimulant. It adjusts levels of two chemical messengers within the brain, norepinephrine as well as dopamine. Stimulants such as methylphenidate (also known as Adderall), and dextroamphetamine boost the supply of neurotransmitters that aid in improving focus, reduce impulsivity, and decrease aggression. They come in various forms such as chewable tablets, liquids, and skin patches. Long-acting versions of these stimulants are preferable because they provide better patient compliance and longer lasting more smooth improvement in symptoms. It is important to keep in mind that comorbidities like depression and anxiety disorders can influence the response to ADHD medication. Therefore, it is recommended that these disorders be treated first before medication is used as a secondary measure. The medications that can be used to treat comorbid mood disorders include atomoxetine and bupropion and tricyclic antidepressants (Wilens 2004). Certain patients may have a “rebound effect” in which their ADHD symptoms worsen after discontinuing stimulant medications. In these cases a short trial of a lower dose of stimulant medication may be beneficial. Some people are unable to take stimulant medications or use it due to addiction to drugs or other health conditions like severe hypertension or heart issues. In these instances, non-stimulant medications such as atomoxetine (Strattera) and viloxazine (Qelbree) can be effective. These medications don't cause the same high rates of side effects as stimulants and have a lower risk for abuse and diversion. Psychotherapy People with ADHD are able to benefit from psychotherapy (talk therapy). It can help people with ADHD to improve their lives, deal with stress and anxiety, resolve conflicts, or manage issues at work or in relationships. It can also aid with co-occurring mental illnesses like depression and substance use disorders. Talk therapies include cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) as well as mindfulness-based cognitive therapy and schema therapy. These therapies are based upon the notion that beliefs and thoughts can influence how someone is feeling, thinks and behaves. CBT assists individuals in identifying negative behaviors and thought patterns and then develop and implement positive strategies to change these. Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy utilizes techniques for meditation to teach people how to focus on their thoughts and emotions, control impulses, and improve their executive functioning. Schema therapy, as well as other forms of psychotherapy that focus on a person’s family history could be beneficial for people suffering from ADHD. Psychotherapy, along with medication, can aid with specific ADHD issues, such as difficulties with schoolwork or interacting with others. It can also assist with forgetting important dates and obligations and making impulsive choices that could lead to legal and financial issues. It can also help people to identify and overcome underlying issues that may contribute to their ADHD symptoms, like anxiety or depression. Psychotherapy can help people find healthy coping techniques and reduce stress. For instance exercise, sleep improvement and healthy eating habits. adhd treatment in adults can also provide assistance to a family member or partner who is dealing with the effects ADHD affects their relationship. Therapy for families and marriage helps couples and families learn how to communicate better and manage ADHD symptoms together. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) CBT is a kind of psychotherapy that focuses on transforming the patterns of negative thinking of the client. It involves a dialog based on skill with an expert in mental health to identify the root cause of symptoms. This therapy aims to help patients overcome difficulties and develop coping skills that are appropriate to their daily lives. In addition to teaching clients to recognize unhelpful thoughts, those who specialize in adult ADHD CBT assist them in developing abilities that enable them to replace negative thoughts with more productive ones. This process can take a while. It is a viable option for those who are unable to get enough relief from their medication. In the course of a recent RCT, it was found that cognitive behavioral therapy paired with medication is superior to cognitive behavior therapy alone in terms of improving core symptoms, emotional symptom self-esteem, and social functioning for adults with ADHD (Clarke and colleagues. 2017). CBT combined with methylphenidate can be particularly effective for people with more severe underlying issues. Therapists who offer this kind of treatment work with clients to develop an action plan to address their specific issues. They will teach them a set of practical skills that are easy to learn and have a good chance of success. A chart system is often utilized to track the progress of a child and reward positive behavior. For an infant, this could involve a daily report that lists all the in-school tasks or positive behaviors they must perform and a system for tracking and earning rewards. The therapists could consider introducing negative consequences when the child fails to complete their tasks. This can be done in a very sensitive and supportive way. Metacognitive Therapy Metacognitive therapy is a newer form of psychotherapy that helps people change their mindset. This kind of therapy can be beneficial for those who suffer from various mental health problems like depression. It's a kind of cognitive behavioral therapy that assists individuals learn to recognize their negative thought patterns and how they affect their moods. This type of therapy can also help them acquire psychological tools that are adaptable and useful. This study was designed to investigate the relationship between metacognitive capabilities and daily functioning among adults suffering from ADHD. To accomplish this we compared self- and informant-rated daily functioning impairments with the predictors of metacognition (comprehensive knowledge, regulation of Cognition, Debugging, Information Management, and Evaluation). The results showed that complete knowledge was linked to daily functioning among adults with ADHD but not with regulation processes. The predictors of metacognition had a moderate predictive power, which suggests that they could explain a significant amount of variations in the daily functioning of adults suffering from ADHD. Metacognitive Therapy (MCT) is an treatment that focuses on changing metacognitive beliefs that are dysfunctional and perpetuate states such as worry, rumination and attention fixation. MCT was developed by Adrian Wells based on an information processing model developed by Wells and Gerald Matthews. MCT has been proven to be effective in treating illness anxiety disorder. However, it's still an in-development treatment and further research is needed to determine if it can help with other disorders. This study was designed to evaluate the effectiveness of MCT in the reduction of symptoms of illness anxiety disorder, however it can be applied to a range of disorders, and may be more effective than other therapies. It is important to keep in mind that this isn't a cure for ADHD but it could be used as an alternative therapy. Family Therapy In family therapy, the therapist works with all family members. Everyone is able to better understand the client's issues and learn how to help their loved family members. It also helps them cope with their frustrations and build better communication skills. In addition, this type of counseling is useful in addressing comorbid conditions like depression or substance misuse which are often found in conjunction with ADHD. The therapist will start with an intake session to understand the family's perspective and determine whether they are suitable for family intervention. This can be done in person or online. The counselor will explain to each client the nature of treatment as well as the rules and regulations for family therapy. A therapist who has experience in treating adults suffering from ADHD will ask lots of questions to gain an understanding of the client's present symptoms, their past and their impact on their work as well as their family and social life. They will also ask whether any other mental health issues are present, like anxiety or depression. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is an organized form of counseling that helps you change your negative patterns of thinking and to manage your behavior. It focuses on improving your self esteem and self-control by teaching you strategies to manage stress and anger. It is a short-term treatment that can be used in conjunction with other types of psychotherapy. Individual therapy can help people with ADHD to manage the emotional baggage that results from failure and underachievement. It can also assist them in dealing with conflicts in relationships or job changes as well as academic difficulties. It can help you learn coping and stress reduction techniques and help you manage your time and finances more efficiently. It can be used to treat other comorbid conditions like mood and anxiety disorders, which are often seen alongside ADHD.